哈同夫妇在北京合影

Hartung’s Photo Shop (阿东照相馆) was a renowned photography studio in Beijing during the Republican era, established by the German couple Hartung on Dongjiaominxiang Street. As one of the few foreign-operated studios in the city, Hartung’s represented the pinnacle of contemporary Chinese photography. Historical records indicate that at its peak, the studio employed seventeen professional photographers, producing works of high technical and artistic quality.

阿东照相馆/Hartungs 是民国期间北京著名的照相馆（Hartung’s Photo Shop），照相馆由德国人哈同夫妇开设于北京东交民巷。阿东照相馆是少数在京的由外国人经营的著名照相馆，代表着当时中国摄影的最高水平，历史记录显示阿东照相馆鼎盛时同时雇佣十七位摄影师为其工作。


名称: Beijing/北京故宫
类别: Gelatin Silver Print/银盐照片（手工上色）
日期: 1920s-1930s
尺寸: 25x40cm



美国记者埃德加·斯诺在陕北拍摄著名“毛泽东在陕北”的照片。

The studio’s reputation was built not only on nurturing prominent photographers such as Hedda Hammer Morrison but also on its involvement in processing critically important photographic materials. Notably, in October 1936, the American journalist Edgar Snow returned to Beijing after a four-month field interview in northern Shaanxi, carrying more than thirty rolls of film documenting the life of the Red Army. Developing these photographs in Beijing at the time was extremely risky, and most studios refused. Snow entrusted his films to Hartung’s Photo Shop, which successfully processed them. Among these was the iconic photograph of Mao Zedong in northern Shaanxi, wearing an eight-cornered cap at the age of 42, capturing him at the height of his vigor. This image was later included in textbooks after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, becoming an enduring symbol of the Yan’an period.

Beyond their historical significance, the photographs developed at Hartung’s, as well as works produced by its in-house photographers, are recognized for their exceptional artistic and technical quality. Selected prints and negatives are preserved in museum collections and archives, including photographic museums and historical institutions, serving as valuable resources for research in visual culture, journalism, and Chinese history. Hartung’s Photo Shop thus occupies a unique position as both a historical and artistic landmark in Chinese photography. 

阿东照相馆（Hartung’s Photo Shop）由德国人哈同（Max Hartung）与其妻阿玛莉（Amalie Hartung）于1913年在北京东交民巷创办，位于使馆区的外交街3号。该照相馆代表了民国时期北京摄影的最高水平，鼎盛时雇佣了十七位摄影师。赫达·哈默（Hedda Hammer）于1933年至1938年期间在阿东照相馆工作，拍摄了大量反映北京风貌的照片。

哈同于1934年去世后，阿东照相馆仍继续运营，直到抗日战争爆发后因战乱而停业。具体停业时间尚无确切记载，但可以推测其在1937年七七事变后不久停业。

第二次鸦片战争后，列强纷纷在北京设立公使馆，北京的东交民巷也就成为了有名的使馆区。在北京，东交民巷不但是外国人的聚集地，也是各种洋玩意儿集中的所在。北京早期的照相馆也大多开在东交民巷。德国人哈同（Hartungs）夫妇开办的阿东照相馆，就开在这里。阿东照相馆在清末民初的北京，可谓是声震四九城的摄影圈。店主哈同夫妇秉承了德国人出名的严谨认真，故而阿东照相馆冲洗出来的照片，专业水平非常高，极少出现纰漏、遗失。许多在北京的外国摄影师都是阿东照相馆的常客。 

1933年至1938年的五年间，哈默本人主持阿东照相馆日常工作。阿东照相馆的工作很忙，一周工作六天，每天从早晨7时至晚上6时。不论何时，只要遇到特殊的活儿，都要迅速完成。那一时期，光顾阿东照相馆的有很多文化名人，哈默跟他们结下了很深的友谊。阿东照相馆还是外国摄影师在华的重要据点，拍摄或处理过许多中国近代史上的重要影像，著名的摄影家赫达·哈默·莫理循曾经是阿东照相馆主要摄影师。在民国期间拍摄制作了不少手工上色照片，著名的照片之一是摄于1930年代的 “驼队与北京城”，拍摄穿行在北京城外的驼队。更珍贵的是，该照片承载了不少重要的摄影术史料包括；手工上色、拍摄技术技法、银盐纸基、大尺寸、阿东照相馆的印章等。 

阿东照相馆之享有盛名，不单因为它成就了赫达·哈默·莫理循这样著名的摄影师，而且因为它冲洗过著名的美国记者埃德加·斯诺从陕北拍摄回来的一组著名的照片。1936年10月，斯诺结束了对陕北为期四个月的采访，带着她拍摄红军生活的30多个胶卷回到北平。在当时的北平，冲洗这些照片是要冒很大风险的，许多照相馆都不敢承接。于是，斯诺把它们交给了阿东照相馆。那张有名的“毛泽东在陕北”的照片，就是其中之一。当年，头戴八角帽的毛泽东42岁，风华正茂。新中国成立后，这张照片被选入历史课本，成为人们心中对延安时期最形象的记忆。  >>返回>>